@article {Mostrov2010, title = {Syntactic features of inalienable possesion in the French have+small clause and the Bulgarian be with structures}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive Linguistics}, volume = {35}, year = {2010}, pages = {23}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Vasil Mostrov} } @article {Laskova2009, title = {A comparative analysis of the English and Bulgarian participles with a view to their categorial status}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {34}, year = {2009}, pages = {5{\textendash}24}, abstract = {

This article presents an analysis of the categorial status of English and Bulgarian participles with special attention to the prenominally used participles. First, we isolate a group of English participles, which we call postmodified participles, which we show to be real verbal participles (not adjectival phrases), something that has been, to my knowledge, unnoticed so far. The analysis of these participles is extended to Bulgarian, where they can occur also in prenominal position. The fact that the prenominal position in Bulgarian can host clearly verbal participles is used as an argument against the wide-spread view that prenominal participles in English are all adjectival expressions. In particular, we argue that the impossibility of the postmodified participles to occur in prenominal position in English is simply due to the right recursion restriction and not to their being verbal. We provide also some semantic evidence showing that prenominally used English participles are not necessarily {\quotedblbase}stative{\textquotedblleft}, as suggested in the literature. Finally, we analyse some English phrases in which the prenominally used participle can be argued to be a verbal and not an adjectival or an ambiguous expression.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Laskova, Vesselina} } @article {Valma2009, title = {Etude morphos{\'e}mantique du futur en parlers grecs de la Bulgarie}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {34}, year = {2009}, pages = {25{\textendash}40}, abstract = {

In this paper I investigate the properties of the future in Dialectal Modern Greek spoken in Bulgaria. Even though future has been described before, the analysis of its actual dialect use remains interesting for the Sparchbund and more generally for typology. I will base my analysis on the aspectual model of Descl{\'e}s and Guentch{\'e}va in order to explain the double aspect (perfective and imperfective) and its particular uses in Dialectal Modern Greek. I will argue that the use of future-referring periphrases (as θe na) provides evidence for the relation between future and modality and I will try to explain the link between future on the one hand, and possibility, probability and volition, on the other hand.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Valma, Eleni} } @article {Георгиева2009a, title = {Полисемия в българската и английската военноморска терминология}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {34}, year = {2009}, pages = {21{\textendash}35}, abstract = {

The article discusses both traditional and less common views of polysemy in terminology, il- lustrating them with Bulgarian and English naval terms. Polysemy, which is a manifestation of language variation and the tendency towards economy, is more strongly represented in English naval terminology. There is asymmetry between the two languages, one of the corresponding terms often having a wider/narrower meaning. In cases of borrowing of English naval terms into Bulgarian, semantic distinctions may be expressed by different suffixation. Polysemy rarely causes ambiguities leading to communication breakdown.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Георгиева, Валентина} } @article {Ницолова2009, title = {Социолингвистични промени при предаване на чужда реч в българския печат през последните две десетилетия в съпоставка с полския печат}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {34}, year = {2009}, pages = {5{\textendash}20}, abstract = {

The article offers a brief characterization of evidentiality in Bulgarian which, in addition to lexical and syntactic expression, finds morphological expression primarily, and of evidentiality in Polish. Lexical and syntactic markers predominate there and only one construction ma + infinitive in one of its uses approaches the Bulgarian renarrated forms. Two types of sociolinguistic changes in indirect speech, noticeable in the Bulgarian press after 1989, are also discussed: changes in the choice of forms in reports from abroad and in rendering statements made by officials at home.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Pyceлина Ницолова} } @article {Tenev2008, title = {Deverbal nominalization in Swedish and Norwegian. Nomina actionis and nomina acti}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {33}, year = {2008}, pages = {5{\textendash}24}, abstract = {

This paper focuses on deverbal nominalization in Swedish and Norwegian in a comparative perspective. Its primary purpose is to outline the main differences between Swedish and Norwegian as regards the productive suffixes of Germanic origin used for forming nomina actionis and nomina acti

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Tenev, Ivan Y.} } @article {Mitseva2007, title = {Adjectival Intensification in English and in Bulgarian}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {32}, year = {2007}, pages = {5{\textendash}14}, abstract = {

The present paper attempts to list the major devices for adjectival intensification as found in original English and American fictional texts and their Bulgarian counterparts. Intensity here is understood in a broad sense as a quantitative realization of expressivity, a scale registering a person{\textquoteright}s emotional response to the state-of-affairs. Given this theoretical premise then, it is the securing of the pragmatic impact on the Bulgarian reader that will be of paramount importance, since it is pragmatic meaning that deals with the relationship between the linguistic sign and its user: speaker/hearer, writer/reader.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Mitseva, Maryana} } @article {Chakarova2006, title = {Typological analysis of the imperative paradigms in the Slavic languages}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {31}, year = {2006}, pages = {41{\textendash}54}, abstract = {

The topic that the present article studies is the verbal category {\textquoteleft}imperative mood{\textquoteright}, characteristic of all contemporary Slavic languages. The paper attempts to make a typological classification of Slavic imperative paradigms with regard to various distinctive criteria, defined in the course of the analysis. It investigates the level of unification and structural analogy; but at the same time it raises the question of formal-semantic asymmetry when the imperative forms find their grammatical realization in the nucleus of modality. The unique place of Bulgarian among other kindred languages in respect of the great diversity of analytical forms, a result of the specific intralinguistic changes, is pointed out. The concluding part of the study presents some of the recent tendencies in the functioning of Slavic imperatives.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Chakarova, Krassimira} } @article {Аврамова2006, title = {Проблеми на представянето на названията на растения в речниците (върху съпоставителен материал)}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {31}, year = {2006}, pages = {30{\textendash}40}, abstract = {Phytonyms, like zoonyms, are transitional between terms and everyday words. This raises the question of their presentation in monolingual dictionaries. Should the definitions there include, alongside the non-specialist everyday meaning, the precise terminological meaning as well? As a linguistic picture of the world the dictionary contains both the scientific and the na{\"\i}ve view of the speakers of the language. Different answers can be given to the above question depending on the priority given to the scientific or the na{\"\i}ve picture of the world.}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, Съпоставителни изследвания, Contrastive studies}, author = {Аврамова, Цветанка} } @article {Вагнерова2004, title = {Возможности семантической реализации одной трехкомпонентной структурной модели в сопоставительном русско-чешском плане}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {29}, year = {2004}, pages = {26{\textendash}33}, abstract = {

The article continues the author{\textquoteright}s research of Russian sentences of the structural type Snom Vf {\textendash} praep Sinstr in comparison with their Czech equivalents. The focus is on their semantic structure, the character of the participants and the semantic classes of verbs appearing in them.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Вагнерова, Марта} } @article {Стоянова2004, title = {Морфологичен характер на алтернациите на мястото на етимологичния *e в българския и хърватския език}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {29}, year = {2004}, pages = {5{\textendash}17}, abstract = {The article criticizes the interpretation of alternations in place of the etymological *e in the Bulgarian literary language as a contemporary phonetic law indicating typological parallel in the functioning of morphophonemic alternations in place of the etymological *e in standard Croatian.}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Стоянова, Елена} } @article {Васева2004, title = {Полупряката реч в българския и руския език}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {29}, year = {2004}, pages = {17{\textendash}25}, abstract = {

В статье рассматриваются способы создания несобственно-прямой речи в болгарском и русском языках. Разграничиваются две разновидности: 1) в описательном авторском тексте с психологическим анализом, который незаметно уступает место речи самого персонажа и 2) в косвенной речи, которая не передает только содержание чужого высказывания, а включает экспрессивные элементы и индивидуальные особенности прямой речи персонажа. В обоих случаях речь становит полифоничной: наряду с голосом автора слышен и голос персонажа. Подчеркивается значение пересказывательных форм для создания несобственно-прямой речи в болгарском языке и прослеживается их функция в различных контекстуальных условиях. Указывается на то, что язык современной художественной литературы приближается к непринужденной разговорной ре, это оказывает влияние на авторский план и на все виды чужой речи.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Васева, Иванка} } @article {Попова-Велева2004, title = {Полупряката реч в италианския език (с оглед и на други романски езици)}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {29}, year = {2004}, pages = {5{\textendash}16}, abstract = {

The article analyses semi-direct or free indirect speech in Italian in the context of the other Romance languages. Various semantic types of semi-direct speech are established, concretizing, clarifying, evaluative and deliberative, which are closely connected with the introducing word. The thematic meaning is also explored.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Попова-Велева, Иванка} } @article {Голосова2004, title = {Специфика внешнетемпоральной транспозиции в русском и украинском художественном тексте}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {29}, year = {2004}, pages = {18{\textendash}27}, abstract = {

The article deals with external temporal transposition in Russian and Ukrainian literary fiction texts. Despite some common tendencies, differences between the two languages are established due to the specific features in the semantics of localization determinants and the wider use of colloquial style in the speech of literary characters in Ukrainian fiction.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Голосова, Татьяна} } @article {Попов2004, title = {Типология на назоваването при древните индоевропейски термини за някои опасни и хищни животни}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {29}, year = {2004}, pages = {5{\textendash}23}, abstract = {

The goal of this study is to analyse the characteristic ways of naming some predators (bear, wolf, fox, lynx, wild cat) from the period of Indo-European unity to the time of the differentiation and separation of the Indo-European dialects. The main task is to reveal the important influence of the religious-mythological world view and of the rational understanding of everyday life as extralinguistic factors working on the appearance of a number of terms with different inner form which take the place of the ancient archetypal zoonyms.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Попов, Борислав} } @article {Воян2004, title = {Явление омонимии и сравнительное языкознание (на материале русского, польского и финского языков)}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {29}, year = {2004}, pages = {24{\textendash}35}, abstract = {

The article deals with lexical homonymy in the context of contrastive linguistics. It clarifies the concepts of interlingual, as distinct from intralingual, homonymy, multiple/single pairs, internal/external homonymy. The analysed language material comes from Russian, Polish and Finnish.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Воян, Катажина} } @article {Tincheva2003, title = {Analyzing English-Language and Bulgarian-Language Political Speeches}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {28}, year = {2003}, pages = {49{\textendash}59}, abstract = {

The paper aims to present, first, an integrated approach to whole texts and genres exemplifying the {\textquoteleft}triangle of discourse-cognition-society which is indeed the site of multidisciplinary discourse analysis{\textquoteright} (Van Dijk) and, secondly, to suggest an alternative perspective to {\textquoteleft}old{\textquoteright} areas of research such as the analysis of political speeches. It illustrates the potential of studying the production and perception of individual text genres as governed by particular mental models. Such mental models, it argues, are possible to isolate analytically and verify statistically. Differences in English- and Bulgarian-language political speeches are used to demonstrate the possible application of the suggested approach.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Tincheva, Nelly} } @article {Savova2003, title = {El espa{\~n}ol y el b{\'u}lgaro: dos lenguas posesivas, subjetivas e ... irresponsables}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {28}, year = {2003}, pages = {30{\textendash}37}, abstract = {

Contrastivamente, la autora somete a an{\'a}lisis y descripciόn las formas {\'a}tonas de los pronombres posesivos, en espa{\~n}ol y en b{\'u}lgaro, resaltando la misiόn del hablante por subrayar la relaciόn entre el sujeto del evento y su complemento, directo o indirecto, expresado por tales de{\'\i}cticos.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Savova, Slavka Simeonova} } @article {Bagasheva2003, title = {On the Semantics of some Types of Event Construal in English and Bulgarian}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {28}, year = {2003}, pages = {17{\textendash}24}, abstract = {

The paper re-examines two specific features of morphological marking in Bulgarian from the perspective of verbal and satellite framing effects for the expression of grammatical relations. The dative and reflexive clitics in a special construction prefix + verb + dative + reflexive clitic is reanalyzed as constituted of a verb plus a satellite with aspectual or rather Aktionsart meaning. The intricate, and as yet of undetermined status, particle да is reinterpreted as an auxiliary which again appears as a satellite. The contention is that English and Bulgarian are not so far apart in the correlation between verb framing and satellite framing in relation to temporality as it appears on the surface. The analysis is carried out within the framework of cognitive semantics (L. Talmy) and uses the findings of Heine, Kuteva and K. Rudin on problems concerning auxiliation processes.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Bagasheva, Alexandra} } @article {Аврамова2003, title = {Основни тенденции при образуването на префиксални съществителни в българския и чешкия език в края на ХХ век}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {28}, year = {2003}, pages = {5{\textendash}42}, abstract = {The article examines the leading trends in the formation of prefixal nouns in Czech and Bulgarian. These are the tendencies of internationalization and nationalization (autochthonization). The most productive native and borrowed prefixes and prefixoids are analyzed together with the meanings they have in substantival neologisms.}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, Съпоставителни изследвания, Contrastive studies}, author = {Аврамова, Цветанка} } @article {Алексова2002, title = {Термини за {\textquoteleft}встъпвам в брак{\textquoteright} в българския и румънския език}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {27}, year = {2002}, pages = {16{\textendash}58}, abstract = {The article discusses the terms referring to marriage which are shared by Bulgarian and Rumanian. Seven different patterns are established under which the terms occurring in the dialects of the two languages are subsumed. The main goals are to clarify the motivation of each pattern, the spread of the terms, the existing synonymy, and the chronology. Special attention is paid to the origin of the patterns and the individual terms.}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, Съпоставителни изследвания, Contrastive studies}, author = {Алексова, Василка} } @article {Alff2000, title = {Der Artikel im Deutschen und Bulgarischen}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {25}, year = {2000}, pages = {62{\textendash}85}, abstract = {

Im Aufsatz wird auf das Funktionieren des bestimmten Artikels im Deutschen und im Bulgarischen eingegangen. Nach Aufdeckung der Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede in seinem Gebrauch kommt die Verfasserin zum Schluss, dass das Ph{\"a}nomen der nominalen Determination durch den Artikel den bulgarischen Lernern wohl bekannt sein soll. Nichtsdestoweniger werden sie mit einer Reihe von Problemen im Hinblick auf grammatische Funktion und Distribution der Artikelformen im Deutschen konfrontiert.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Alff, Violetta} } @article {Mihov2000, title = {Probl{\`e}mes de la concurrence entre les connecteurs temporels les plus employ{\'e}s en fran{\c c}ais et en bulgare contemporains}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {25}, year = {2000}, pages = {5{\textendash}32}, abstract = {

This article deals with some problems related to the definition and the analysis of the linguistic mechanisms governing the competition between the most frequently used temporal conjunctions in modern French and in modern Bulgarian. The first part of the study examines an interesting question of the syntax of French compound phrases with a temporal subordinate clause, namely the alternation between the most typical temporal conjunctions quand and lorsque, es129 pecially in economic and scientific functional style. It is proved that the preference for quand is, generally, a result from the engagement of the speaking subject to processes expressed by the verb of the subordinate temporal clause in opposition to lorsque, which prevails when such an engagement is lacking. The second part considers the competition between the most important Bulgarian temporal conjunctions когато and като, as an analogy to the phenomenon studied in French, in spite of the different factors being at its basis.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Mihov, Nicola{\"\i}} } @article {Franks2000, title = {Заметки о числительных в славянских языках}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {ХХV}, year = {2000}, pages = {5{\textendash}32}, abstract = {

In this article entitled {\quotedblbase}Remarks on Slavic Numerals{\textquotedblleft} the author returns to problems raised in his book Parameters of Slavic Morphosyntax (OUP,1995) trying to solve them within the Minimalist Program. The attention is focused on numerals and the genitive in quantification

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Franks, Steven} } @article {Алексова2000, title = {Първото посещение на младоженката в бащиния дом. Названия на обреда в българския и румънския език}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {25}, year = {2000}, pages = {33{\textendash}61}, abstract = {The article reviews the terms for the most important post-nuptial rituals in the Bulgarian and the Rumanian folk traditions. An attempt is made to establish the common motivation types, determined by the nature of the rituals, but the differences are also pointed out. Discussed are also formal similarities, borrowing of terms or parts of terminological combinations and differences in their use in the dialects of the two languages. The geographical area for the individual terms is established and, where possible, the chronology for some of them.}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, Съпоставителни изследвания, Contrastive studies}, author = {Алексова, Василка} } @article {Христофорова1999, title = {Журналистическата фразеология в сърбохърватския и в българския език, семантични и функционални аспекти}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {24}, year = {1999}, pages = {12{\textendash}25}, abstract = {

The article deals with Serbo-Croatian and Bulgarian journalese phraseology. Its main part is dedicated to problems of the semantic classification of set phrases from a three month file (January-April 1995) of the newspapers 24 chasa and Politika. Some aspects of the functional analysis of journalese phraseology are discussed with special attention to homonymy of phraseological units as well as to the defectivity of nouns, adjectives and verbs as their components

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Христофорова, Албена} } @article {Стоева1999, title = {Структурные и просодические характеристики новых сложных слов болгарского и русского языков с компонентами интернационального характера}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {24}, year = {1999}, pages = {5{\textendash}11}, abstract = {

The article examines the structural and prosodic characteristics of Bulgarian and Russian compound words containing international components.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Стоева, Тотка} } @article {Dimitrova1998, title = {Perception and acoustic correlates of stress in English and in Bulgarian}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {23}, year = {1998}, pages = {15{\textendash}24}, abstract = {

The paper investigates the acoustic manifestations and the perception of stress by native English and native Bulgarian speakers. Analyses of the acoustic correlates of stress and results from a perception experiment suggest important differences in the way stress is signalled: except for F0 max, the values for which were bigger in Bulgarian, all other acoustic cues under investigation seemed to be less strong in Bulgarian, a language exhibiting features of both stress-timed and syllable-timed rhythmic organization, than in English, a language tending towards the stress-timed end of the rhythm scale.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Dimitrova, Snezhina} } @article {Аврамова1997, title = {За някои тенденции при образуването на нови съществителни имена за лица в българския и чешкия език}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {22}, year = {1997}, pages = {47{\textendash}54}, abstract = {

The article presents some of the most important tendencies in the formation of nouns denoting persons in Bulgarian and in Czech from the end of the 1970s until nоw, especially in connection with the democratic changes in 1989. It is pointed out that as a result of democratization and internationalization of the lexical systems some word-formation processes were activated during the period: coining of so called abbreviated compound nouns beginning with агро-, евро-, еко-, енерго-, нарко-, юго- (in Bulgarian); coining of nouns with foreign prefixes; formation of nouns for female persons derived from nouns for male persons (in Bulgarian); creating of nouns by means of univerbization, abbreviation etc. The new tendency for personal nouns with топ- as their first component to be formed in Bulgarian is to be explained with the influence of the English language.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Аврамова, Цветанка} } @article {Венкова1997, title = {Съществителните човек и хора в португалския и в българския език}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {22}, year = {1997}, pages = {5{\textendash}12}, abstract = {

The lexemes man and people and their most frequent synonyms in Portuguese and in Bulgarian are analysed contrastively in this paper. It is obvious from the analysis that the treated lexical units have quite clear content only at first glance. In fact it is because of their small number of semantic features that they enter into complex interrelations and they often function as pronouns showing considerable differences in the two contrasted languages.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Венкова, Валентина} } @article {Златева1997, title = {Текстовые функции лексемы one и её переводческие эквиваленты}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {22}, year = {1997}, pages = {18{\textendash}46}, abstract = {

The paper is a detailed contrastive study of the dictionary definitions of the items one and един and their functions in original texts and their translations. On the basis of this analysis the author concludes that all the various functions of one, because of which it is often defined as belonging to various classes of words (or parts of speech), can by systematized and presented as a cline, starting with its basic numerical use to denote the singleness of an object of speech, or a certain quality of this object. Then come its more or less purely structural functions as a substitute for the name of such an object or quality, already mentioned in the text or existing in the common index-field of the participants in a speech act, or as a prop-word. Following along this cline is the use of one as a noun, i. e. with denoting functions, and finally as a morpheme with an active word-formative pattern, the elements of which are used with a variety of pragmatic nuances of the invariant meaning of singularity.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Златева, Палма} } @article {Boteva1996, title = {Blocage du passif en fran{\c c}ais et en bulgare}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {21}, year = {1996}, pages = {7{\textendash}13}, abstract = {

The article systematizes the cases in which the usage of passive constructions in French and Bulgarian is either limited or impossible. It is established that the mechanisms responsible for the blockage of the passive are mainly of a semantic or contextual nature.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Boteva, Silvia} } @article {Шик1996, title = {Българските адверзативни съюзи от типологично гледище}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {21}, year = {1996}, pages = {5{\textendash}14}, abstract = {

The article analyses the linguistic expression one of the basic semantic and semantic-pragmatic adversative relations, sometimes referred to as contrast. On the basis of a specific type of contrastive constructions, expressing so-called correction or repair, the author criticizes the inadequate presentation of the interchangeability of adversative conjunction ами/но in the Bulgarian linguistic literature. The goal is to offer an outline of the uses of the most important coordinating conjunction as lexical indicators of contrast in Bulgarian in a typological comparison with Russian, as a Slavic language, Rumanian, as a Balkan-Romance language, and German.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Шик, Иванка П.} } @article {Вълчанова1996, title = {За съотношението статален : медиален : рефлексивно-каузативен {\textendash} каузативен ред в чешкия и българския език}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {21}, year = {1996}, pages = {5{\textendash}12}, abstract = {

The article treats questions connected with the transformations in the lexical subsystems of the verbs of state in Bulgarian and in Czech. The author follows the degree of influence of the systematic changes in the semantics of the lexemes, as well as the determination of the semantic differentiation of verbs of common origin. The thesis used as a basis is that the reasons for the differences observed in the meaning of particular verbs in the two related languages have to be sought for in the pre-structuring of the verbs of state subsystem and the occurrence of a new, reflexive-causative class in Czech.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Вълчанова, Маринела} } @article {Тодорова-Маринова1996, title = {Фонологичните системи на хинди и на съвременния български език}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {21}, year = {1996}, pages = {13{\textendash}24}, abstract = {

The present article deals with the contrastive description of the phonologic systems of the two languages and meets the necessity of explaining the main difficulties arising in the process of teaching Hindi to Bulgarians. At the same time it proposes practical solution to some of the transcription problems arising while preparing the vocabulary part of the textbook. The influence of the phonological characteristics of Bulgarian on the speech of Bulgarians studying Hindi has been taken into consideration. Special attention has been paid to the possibility of using their own linguistic experience while improving the articulation base in order to achieve the most adequate perception of the Hindi language and to overcome not only the interfering influence of their mother tongue, but also of the Bulgarian- Hindi interlanguage.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Тодорова-Маринова, Валентина} } @article {Shibles1995, title = {The Comparative Phonetics of Russian and the Other Slavic Languages: Toward a Standard IPA Transcription}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {20}, year = {1995}, pages = {5{\textendash}22}, abstract = {

The literature on Slavic phonetics reveals a controversy about certain vowels and consonants. Dictionaries typically do not give phonetics, or if they do, it is not standard IPA. This creates problems for both researchers and teachers. These difficulties are met here by the attempt to give more careful description of articulations, and provide a better descriptive analysis than is presently available. A system is presented for the consistent and precise location of vowels. In addition, a standard articulation chart and standard descriptions are provided. This extended IPA system is used as the basis of phonetic descriptions, analysis and comparison. Emphasis is on the specific case or paradigm method of the philosophy of science so that numerous examples must of necessity be given. This contrasts with the usual article on phonology, which provides the fewest number or examples required to support a general or universal hypothesis. The examples here provide data for phonology, further research, comparative and contrastive phonetics, as well as to aid the language teacher and learner.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Shibles, Warren A.} } @article {Nikolova-Novakova1995, title = {Sur les syst{\`e}mes aspecto-temporels du fran{\c c}ais et du bulgare}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {20}, year = {1995}, pages = {5{\textendash}14}, abstract = {

The comparison between the aspect systems of a Slavic and a Romance language raises a number of theoretical and practical problems. It requires a precise and unified use of terminology, which is unfortunately not always the case, especially in French. The automatic transfer of the terms {\quotedblbase}perfective/imperfective{\textquotedblleft} from Bulgarian to French is practically impossible because the aspectual systems of the two languages function in a different way. In Bulgarian aspect is expressed by a pair of perfective and imperfective verbs, while in French it functions through two symmetrical subsystems of simple and complex verb tenses. The aspect implied in the lexical meaning of the verb is strongly influenced by the syntactic context. The article proves the necessity of a rigid distinction between aspect and tense; it discusses the question of precision in naming the verb tenses, the terms do not always reflect the linguistic reality. This is valid for both languages discussed.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Nikolova-Novakova, Iva} } @article {Kukov1994, title = {Functional Correspondence of the Adverbial Pair Here/There in Bulgarian and in Finnish}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {19}, year = {1994}, pages = {13{\textendash}20}, abstract = {

In that article are analysed in juxtaposition the most considerable similarities and differences of the two adverbials here/there in both languages. The main regularities and their realization in speech are rationalized. An attempt is made to define more accurately the communicative factor (linguistic, situational or psychological), dynamically affecting the selection and usage of a suitable adverbial unit. The conclusion that the Bulgarian adverbs here/there have a more universal applicability is substantiated. The Finnish equivalents have more accurate semanticgrammatical frames and function within multilateral subordination to the communicative circumstances.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Kukov, Nikola} } @article {Vassileva1994, title = {Les interjections et le principe de composition fonctionnelle}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {19}, year = {1994}, pages = {5{\textendash}9}, abstract = {

The article examines questions concerning the applicability of the hierarchical and functional models of discourse to interjections in French and Bulgarian. The author observes the functional structuring of discourses containing interjections and offers a classification of the illocutionary functions which can be performed by interjections in the two languages.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Vassileva, Albena} } @article {Vakareliyska1994, title = {A Model of the Dative/Accusative Opposition for Slavic Languages Based on Data from Aphasia}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {19}, year = {1994}, pages = {7{\textendash}16}, abstract = {

Bulgarian and Russian aphasia patients made approximately twice as many Dative/Accusative case-marker errors on verbs with generally inconsistent interlanguage case markings than on verbs whose interlanguage case marking is fairly consistent. These results suggest that paragrammatic case-marking errors reflect not purely morphological-level impairment, but rather a semantic deficit, i. e., impaired access to individual case-associated semantic features of the verb. Based on the data, it is proposed that {\quotedblbase}conflicting case marking{\textquotedblleft} verbs contain a fairly balanced proportion of both dative- and accusative-associated semantic features, and that the dative/accusative opposition is essentially a temporal one, based on the opposition [+/- cognitive engagement] on the part of the non-agent to the action presented by the verb.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Vakareliyska, Cynthia} } @article {Hristova1994, title = {Pragmatic Uses of Well and their Bulgarian Translations}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {19}, year = {1994}, pages = {5{\textendash}13}, abstract = {

The paper is an analysis of the semantic and pragmatic properties of Well and the different transformations which Well-prefaced sentences undergo in Bulgarian. The meaning with which Well functions in a particular context is considered to be a result of the influence of the linguistic and non-linguistic environment but unlike many authors who have analysed Well and other pragmatic particles, the present study presents the hypothesis that these items have an inherent meaning of their own. The latter is regarded as a prototype which is supplemented by variable components. The method of analysis used is Predication Analysis by means of which different semantic and pragmatic meanings of the particle are identified and the adequacy of the translations is tested.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Hristova, Sashka} } @article {Vassileva1994a, title = {Typological characteristics of co-reference chains in English and Bulgarian journalistic style}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {19}, year = {1994}, pages = {21{\textendash}27}, abstract = {

The paper focuses on the similarities and differences between English and Bulgarian journalistic texts with respect to co-reference realization. The hypothesis tested views the choice of the various means of securing the co-reference mechanism as depending primarily on sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic rather than systemic factors. Employing the contrastive analysis perspective, the whole variety of linguistic expressions referring to the same extralinguistic object are considered and discussed in detail.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Vassileva, Irena and Sotirov, Petar} } @article {Alexieva1993, title = {The relationship between entity and space in English and Bulgarian existential sentences}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {18}, year = {1993}, pages = {9{\textendash}16}, abstract = {

The nature of the relationship between Entity and Space is discussed along the parameters: (a) Internal / External Space and (b) Essentiality / Contingency of the {\quotedblbase}Entity / PART / : Space / WHOLE/{\textquotedblleft} relationship. It is argued that the value of these parameters determines some of the major differences between English and Bulgarian in the choice of an existential sentence (the there construction and the impersonal има) or of a personal construction (with have and the personal имам, respectively). Unlike English, the Bulgarian existential има construction is not the choice in the case of Internal Space and/or a more essential part : whole relationship, owing to the specificity of the verb, itself the result of a shift towards impersonality.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Alexieva, Bistra} } @article {Petkova-Schick1993, title = {Zu den Besonderheiten der adversativen Konstruktionen des Bulgarischen (in Konfrontation mit dem Deutschen)}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {18}, year = {1993}, pages = {5{\textendash}14}, abstract = {

The article examines the lexical potential of Bulgarian to denote adversative relations of the corrective type, in comparison with German. The peculiar function of syntactic negation in the first conjunct in ами and a adversative constructions is shown, and their meaning is further defined.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Petkova-Schick, Ivanka} } @article {Балтова1993, title = {Съпоставително описание на словообразуването на близкородствени езици}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {19}, year = {1993}, pages = {5{\textendash}12}, abstract = {

The article takes into consideration the two main methods that can be used in contrastive analysis of word-formation in related languages: from form to meaning and from meaning to form. The choice is determined by the purpose of the description and also by the degree of typological relatedness between the compared language systems. With Slavic languages, for example, the description starting from the means of word-formation and analysing their function gives wide opportunities for a more detailed analysis and a thorough description of the multifunctioning of the formants; for determining the similarities and differences in the means of wordformation. The second method from meaning to form is more universal; it aims mainly at revealing the semantics of the derivatives, and is thus applicable to the investigation of more than two languages. This method starts from definite semantic categories and searches for their realization. The basic unit in this method is the word-formation category. It can be used as tertium comparationis, for it unifies derivatives with identical word-formative meaning. The method allows the simultaneous analysis of all compared languages. It may facilitate a more thorough and precise classification of the derivative units by specifying the general and the specific national features of the related language systems.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Балтова, Юлия and Шатковски, Януш} } @article {Friedman1992, title = {Aspectual oppositions in Bulgarian, Albanian and Turkish}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {17}, year = {1992}, pages = {33{\textendash}38}, abstract = {

In translated Bulgarian, Albanian and Turkish examples lacking the expected correspondences of aorists and imperfects, either Turkish or Bulgarian has an imperfect where the other two have aorists. This is evidence that the imperfect is more marked in each language since a more marked form is less likely to correspond to another language{\textquoteright}s counterpart. The noncorresponding imperfects denote sequential or inceptive activities, which contradicts the meaning of contemporaneousness suggested for Bulgarian and Albanian. Perhaps because it is Indo-European like Bulgarian but lacks a superordinate aspectual opposition like Turkish, Albanian is intermediate in using the aorist when one of the others has an imperfect.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Victor А. Friedman} } @article {Korponay1992, title = {Some thoughts on causation}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {17}, year = {1992}, pages = {58{\textendash}63}, abstract = {

The article deals with causativity/factitivity of verbs in Hungarian in comparison with English. The author attempts to prove that Hungarian is one of the languages in which the distinction between the causative and the factitive is almost entirely grammaticalized. To describe more fully the causative constructions, sublativity and other factors should be taken into account. A conclusion is reached that Hungarian is not an appropriate counterexample against passive analyses of causative constructions and Comrie{\textquoteright}s opinion should be argued against.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Korponay, B{\'e}la} } @article {Алексиева1992, title = {Английската и българската екзистенциална конструкция {\textendash} резултат от прилагането на различни когнитивни модели}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {17}, year = {1992}, pages = {84{\textendash}91}, abstract = {The differences between the English and the Bulgarian existential constructions are discussed as the result of the application of two different cognitive models, namely: (a) The English there + be + NP as the result of a specific type of metonymy typical of English, labelled as {\quotedblbase}predicate-splitting{\textquotedblleft} mapping, and (b) The Bulgarian има + NP as a metaphorical expansion based on the metaphor {\quotedblbase}Space (as if) has the entities inhabiting it{\textquotedblleft}.}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, Съпоставителни изследвания, Contrastive studies}, author = {Алексиева, Бистра} } @article {Алексиева1991, title = {Дес{\`e}н и дизайн}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {16}, year = {1991}, pages = {15{\textendash}23}, abstract = {

The article presents а contrastive synchronic-diachronic analysis of the loanwords дес{\`e}н and дизайн in Bulgarian, borrowed from French and English, whose respective source-words are dessin and design. It traces the semantic development of their common etymon in Italian, French and English. The specific nature of the semantic changes of each loanword is considered in connection with the semantic conditions offered by each receptor language.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, Съпоставителни изследвания, Contrastive studies}, author = {Алексиева, Невенка} } @article {Майер1991, title = {Някои характерни елементи на съпоставителната фонетика в шведския и българския език {(вокална система и прозодия)}}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {16}, year = {1991}, pages = {20{\textendash}29}, abstract = {

The article describes the Bulgarian and Swedish vowel systems, first separately in each language, then in a contrastive way. The prosodic system in both languages is also analysed and contrasted. The author shows that both the vowel and the prosodic systems are much more complicated in Swedish than in Bulgarian. This fact creates some difficulties in the field of teaching Swedish to Bulgarian speakers. The paper shows how these difficulties can be surmounted and gives concrete methodical recommendations.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Майер, Ингрид} } @article {Molhova1990, title = {Diversity in similarity}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {15}, year = {1990}, pages = {67{\textendash}71}, abstract = {

This paper aims at showing the specific features of English and Bulgarian in view of the fact that they are both considered to be analytical languages. The basic idea is that the degree of analyticity or syntheticity can be measured by analysing their exponents on all language levels

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Molhova, Jana} } @article {Maier1990, title = {Instrumentale Nominalphrasen im Deutschen und im Russischen}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {15}, year = {1990}, pages = {61{\textendash}66}, abstract = {

This article attempts to delimitate {\quotedblbase}instrumental meaning{\textquotedblleft} as a semantic category from {\quotedblbase}object meaning{\textquotedblleft} on the one hand and {\quotedblbase}modal meaning{\textquotedblleft} on the other. Within the class of noun phrases designating instrumental meaning in both languages the group of noun phrases designating instrumental meaning (cut with a knife) is distinguished from noun phrases designating for instance means of transportation (go by train) or so-called auxiliary instruments (walk on stilts). The author discusses some specific difficulties as to the translation of instrumental noun phrases from German into Russian.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Ingrid Maier} } @article {Nikolov1990, title = {Quelques diff{\'e}rences typiques entre le syst{\`e}me phon{\'e}tique du fran{\c c}ais et du bulgare}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {15}, year = {1990}, pages = {72{\textendash}76}, abstract = {

A generalized contrastive analysis of the French and the Bulgarian phonetic systems is made, with a focus on vowels. Some basic articulatory and structural differences are established. While contemporary French features a comparatively tense, primarily front and markedly labial way of articulation of vowels, Bulgarian features a comparatively loose, primarily back and non-labial way of articulation. In contrast to French, where nasal vowels function as separate phonemes, the nasalized vowels in Bulgarian are to be viewed as positional variants of the corresponding oral vowels. Along with these peculiarities, the difference between the accent patterns of the two languages is pointed out.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Bo{\v z}il Nikolov} } @article {Ivic1990, title = {On the Slavic word for one in the predicate-noun determiner position}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {15}, year = {1990}, pages = {53{\textendash}55}, abstract = {

The article analyses the specific semantic conditions in which the individualizing force of the Slavic word {\textquoteleft}one{\textquoteright} in the position of a determiner of the predicative noun is realized. Its use in sentences containing a modifier само {\textquoteleft}only{\textquoteright} for the elimination of ambiguity in meaning is investigated, as well as its expressive function in defining the personal and professional qualities of an individual.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Ivi{\'c}, Milka} } @article {Danchev1990, title = {Some notes on analyticity in English and Bulgarian and the case for diachronic contrastive linguistics}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {15}, year = {1990}, pages = {32{\textendash}36}, abstract = {

Some basic points arising in the contrastive study of analyticity in English and Bulgarian are considered. It is pointed out that the motivation for bilateral diachronic contrastive studies is usually weaker than for the respective synchronic studies. More productive in a number of cases are multilateral studies which ensure a higher degree of certainty in establishing constant correlations between the emergence of analyticity and language contacts. The preference for 124 simplified analytical structure is the manifestation of a universal communicative strategy in conditions of language contact.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Danchev, Andrei} } @article {Алексиева1990, title = {Връзката между екзистенциалните и сензорните изречения (върху англо-български материал)}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {15}, year = {1990}, pages = {14{\textendash}21}, abstract = {The relationship between existential and perceptual sentences is studied on the basis of a threetier system of semantic analysis, establishing the presence of common predications in their deepest semantic structures. Conclusions are also drawn about the factors determining the choice, for explicit rendering, of the existential or perceptual predication in English and Bulgarian, the most important amongst them being: the nature of space; the degree of privacy of the perception; the volume and specificity of the information received via the various channels of perception, and the quantity and character of the additional information (modal, aspectual, etc.) subsumed under the perceptual predicate.}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, Съпоставителни изследвания, Contrastive studies}, author = {Алексиева, Бистра} } @article {Simeonova1990, title = {Еxperimentalphonetische Untersuchung der Faktoren, die konsonantisches Sandhi im Deutschen und im Bulgarischen bedingen}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {15}, year = {1990}, pages = {5{\textendash}18}, abstract = {

The paper presents the results of a contrastive experimental phonetic study of assimilation phenomena appearing at the so-called outer-sandhi. The similarities and differences between German and Bulgarian in this process, which is physiologically conditioned, but specifically differentiated for the respective language systems, are investigated. Their close dependence upon a number of factors is taken into consideration. The results of the study can be used as the basis for the correction of some orthoepic rules in the field of {\quotedblbase}interword{\textquotedblleft} phonetics and in speech synthesis. The results may also be directly used in the teaching of phonetics to Bulgarian learners of German and vice versa.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Simeonova, Ruska} } @article {Адамец1990, title = {Об эксплицитности, форме и определенности субъекта в русских и чешских модальных конструкциях}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {15}, year = {1990}, pages = {84{\textendash} 88}, abstract = {The article makes an attempt at explaining the substantial differences between Russian and Czech in the ways of expressing the subject in sentences with modal verbs and predicative words. These sentences are classified according to whether their subject is expressed by a separate word, whether it has nominative or other form, and whether it has definite or indefinite reference. The conclusion is made that in Russian there is a much higher percentage of sentences with a non-expressed non-nominative subject which are also used in such communicative situations where Czech uses constructions with a pronominal or a verbally non-expressed subject.}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, Съпоставителни изследвания, Contrastive studies}, author = {Адамец, Пршемысл} } @article {Bankov1989, title = {Contribution {\`a} l{\textquoteright}{\'e}tude des mots-valises ou {\quotedblbase}mixonymes{\textquotedblleft}}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {14}, year = {1989}, pages = {8{\textendash}12}, abstract = {

The article is an attempt to reveal certain theoretically interesting aspects of so-called mixonyms like touriste + aristocrate {\textrightarrow} touristocrate that have only recently become an object of investigation. After a discussion of the terminological and the conceptual apparatus for the study of mixonyms, the authors present a short classification and dwell more extensively on the role of homophony in their formation. Homophony is seen as a consecutively destructuralizing and structuralizing element which allows a pseudomotivated transition from single meaning to parallel polysemy.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Bankov, Dimit{\u a}r and Dimitrov, Dimit{\u a}r and Dragnev, Vladimir} } @article {Fontaine1989, title = {De la temporalit{\'e} linguistique}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {14}, year = {1989}, pages = {21{\textendash}25}, abstract = {

Problems concerning aspect and tense in Russian and French are discussed. Special attention is paid to actual (aspectual) present tense. With respect to the syntactic pattern it is assumed that the marked aspectual character of the Russian verb and the small number of tense forms has something to do with the comparative uniformity of morpho-syntactic means; in French, conversely, the various tenses determine its great morpho-syntactic complexity.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Fontaine, Jacqueline} } @article {Guentcheva1989, title = {Implications aspecto-temporelles en fran{\c c}ais et en bulgare}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {14}, year = {1989}, pages = {26{\textendash}37}, abstract = {

The basic values of the French pass{\'e} simple and the Bulgarian aorist, on the one hand, and the French pass{\'e} compos{\'e} and the Bulgarian perfect, on the other hand, are compared. In French the aspectual distinction between completedness and noncompletedness is not grammaticalized, in contrast to Bulgarian where there is a morphological opposition between perfective and imperfective aspect. The tenses of the first pair always express an event. In the second pair, pass{\'e} compos{\'e} can express an event (in the sphere of the past) and a resultative situation (in the discourse sphere), whereas the perfect expresses a resultative situation in both spheres.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Guentcheva, Zlatka} } @article {Vassileva1989, title = {Notes sur l{\textquoteright}interjection en fran{\c c}ais et en bulgare}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {14}, year = {1989}, pages = {77{\textendash}82}, abstract = {

The article discusses some questions concerning the essence and status of interjections. The author subsumes these lexemes under the general category of sentence-like words with respect to which they are an expressive subcategory. Some terminological investigations are carried out and an attempt is made at a classification of expressive sentence-like words from different points of view.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Vassileva, Albena} } @article {Шимански1988, title = {Съпоставително описание на категорията лице (в българския, сърбохърватския и полския език)}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {13}, year = {1988}, pages = {18{\textendash}24}, abstract = {

The article presents some theoretical and methodological principles, which can be applied in the contrastive analysis of the category of person. The attempt at defining the semantic category of person shows that its description should be based on an explicit discrimination between the pragmatic and the semantic level. Besides, if a complete list of the formal means of expressing semantic communicative roles is to be compiled, that is only possible within the framework of a description on the semantic level. The second part of the article shows a possible approach to the contrastive analysis of linguistic material from different languages (Bulgarian, Serbo-Croatian and Polish) in terms of the category of person.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Шимански, Мачей} } @article {Dimitrova1987, title = {Realisierung der deutschen labialisierten Vorderzungenvokale durch Bulgaren (Fortgeschrittenenstufe)}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {12}, year = {1987}, pages = {5{\textendash}11}, abstract = {

The article is a contribution to the theory and practice of teaching German phonetics to Bulgarian learners. It focuses on German labialized front vowels which have no equivalents in Bulgarian. The study is carried out in two directions: (a) a contrastive analysis of German labialized front vowels and Bulgarian vowel phonemes, aimed at predicting possible pronunciation errors, and (b) a diagnosis of errors in the production of German labialized front vowels made by Bulgarian advanced learners.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Dimitrova, Kana} } @article {Belentschikow1986, title = {Zum funktional-semantischen Feld der Lokativit{\"a}t (dargestellt am Beispiel des Russischen, Bulgarischen und Deutschen)}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {11}, year = {1986}, pages = {10{\textendash}21}, abstract = {

Based on the functional-semantic field theory, this study has as its object the functional-semantic field of locativity, each separate group of central (grammatical) exponents of locativity being elaborately studied. The structure of the field, the hierarchic set-up of its component elements as well as their correspondences across Russian, Bulgarian and German are examined in detail.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Belentschikow, Renate} } @article {Hougaard1985, title = {Invectives in Danish and Slavic: A contrastive analysis}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {10}, year = {1985}, pages = {44{\textendash}54}, abstract = {

Comparing invectives in Nordic and Slavic languages we find great similarities: principles and methods of verbal abuse are the same; some constructions are peculiar to the Germanic languages or at least their appearance in Slavic is uncertain, and some constructions are specifically Slavic, possibly belonging to a single language. Although the elements of the invective in the two groups of languages roughly behave uniformly, the pattern varies, each language showing a characteristic profile.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Hougaard, Christian} } @article {Buettner1985, title = {Zur Wiedergabe deutscher Vorgangs- und Zustandspassivkonstruktionen im Bulgarischen}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {10}, year = {1985}, pages = {24{\textendash}32}, abstract = {

The paper contrasts German {\textquoteleft}process{\textquoteright} and {\textquoteleft}state{\textquoteright} passive constructions with their Bulgarian counterparts. Having established the categorial meaning of the passive voice and a definition of passive constructions, some possible uses of German passive constructions are presented and an attempt is made to describe them by metalinguistic means. The established characteristics serve as a basis of reference for finding their Bulgarian equivalents, which may be classified as: a) translated by passive constructions; b) translated by active constructions, i. e. there is a change in the voice of the verb; and c) some other ways of translation. As a result both the regularities and the restrictions in using each of the Bulgarian translation equivalents are presented.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {B{\"u}ttner, Uwe} } @article {Eyckmans1984, title = {Imparfait et pr{\'e}sent dans la compl{\'e}tive fran{\c c}aise et bulgare}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {9}, year = {1984}, pages = {14{\textendash}17}, abstract = {

A number of past tenses exist in French and in Bulgarian: the Aorist, the Perfect, the Imperfect, and the Pluperfect. The paper discusses the uses of the Perfect and its alternative Present tense forms in subordinate complement clauses. In French, as in all Romance languages, these clauses demand an obligatory sequence of tenses rule, while in Bulgarian there is an open choice between the obligatory Romance rule type and the non-sequence Slavic type.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Eyckmans, Karin} } @article {Александров1983, title = {Една типологична особеност на българския и унгарския език}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {8}, year = {1983}, pages = {42{\textendash}46}, abstract = {The paper discusses а number of typological similarities between the Bulgarian short forms of the possessive pronouns, used after certain prepositions of the type върху ми {\textquoteleft}above/over me{\textquoteright}, срещу ми {\textquoteleft}against/opposite me{\textquoteright}, as well as after certain adverbs of the type напреде ми {\textquoteleft}in front of me/before me{\textquoteright}, подире ми {\textquoteleft}after/behind me{\textquoteright}, etc. on the one hand, and of the Hungarian postpositions with personal possessive endings, on the other hand. It is pointed out that the occurrences in Bulgarian should not be explained only with the influence of the Balkan languages, but a much wider background, including the influence of Old Bulgarian, the Balkan languages, Turkish and Hungarian should be taken into consideration.}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, Съпоставителни изследвания, Contrastive studies}, author = {Александров, Александър} } @article {Карпов1983, title = {Явление межъязыковой омонимии в условиях русско-болгарского билингвизма}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {8}, year = {1983}, pages = {18{\textendash}20}, abstract = {

The paper discusses interlingual homonymy within the conditions of Russian-Bulgarian bilingualism. Some of the reasons of interlingual homonymy are analysed against the background of their underlying theoretical prerequisites. The grammatical and morphological aspects of the problem are pointed out. A number of examples demonstrate the various cases of interlingual homonymy.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Карпов, Владимир А.} } @article {Krastev1982, title = {Certains aspects de la cat{\'e}gorie de la diminution relatifs aux emprunts bulgares faits {\`a} la langue fran{\c c}aise}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {7}, year = {1982}, pages = {105{\textendash}114}, abstract = {

A survey is made of the lexico-grammatical category of diminutivity in Bulgarian and French. The semantic, stylistic, derivational and quantitative aspects of the phenomenon are studied. It is established that morphemiс (synthetic) diminutivity is predominant in Bulgarian, whereas in French descriptive (analytic) diminutivity prevails. While French has lost many of its diminutive forms since the 16th c., in Bulgarian this phenomenon is alive even to this day. Statistic data show that diminutives have a tenfold higher frequency of occurrence in modern Bulgarian than in modern French.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Kr{\u a}stev, Borimir} } @article {Jaeger1982, title = {Einige Bemerkungen zu einem speziellen Typ komplexer S{\"a}tze im Deutschen und im Bulgarischen}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {7}, year = {1982}, pages = {3{\textendash}8}, abstract = {

The present paper deals with complex sentences of the type Ich arbeite (nicht) dort, wo du denkst

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {J{\"a}ger, Gert} } @article {Nikolov1982, title = {La nasalit{\'e} vocalique en fran{\c c}ais et en bulgare: probl{\`e}me phon{\'e}tique et phonologique}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {7}, year = {1982}, pages = {122{\textendash}129}, abstract = {

The article is a contrastive study of nasalization in the following combination: vowel + n + fricative. It is established that in this combination the vowels are nasalized to almost the same degree in French and Bulgarian. The reason for that is the elimination of the feature occlusiveness of the n consonant in the two languages. However, whereas this phenomenon has led to phonologization of the nasal vowels in French, in Bulgarian reasons of morphosyntactic and semantic nature have prevented the nasalized vowels from becoming independent phonemes.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Nikolov, Bojil} } @article {Boyadjiev1982, title = {La proposition nominale assertive en bulgare, fran{\c c}ais et russe}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {7}, year = {1982}, pages = {85{\textendash}90}, abstract = {

Nominal sentences are a universal linguistic category. The communicative nominal sentences may be classified according to the following criteria: a) structure (unexpanded and expanded sentences); b) semantics (representing descriptions of nature, the time of the action and its setting, the physical appearance and spiritual make-up of the characters); c) role in the text (introductive and conclusive). The skilful alternation between nominal and verbal sentences and nominal stanzas is an interesting stylistic device. Some authors (M. Cohen, T. Vianu) associate the more frequent use of nominal sentences with the spread of a specific literary tendency (Romanticism) and of a definite style (modern-impressionistic).

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Boyadjiev, Jivco} } @article {Guentcheva1982, title = {A la recherche d{\textquoteright}une valeur fondamentale du parfait bulgare}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {7}, year = {1982}, pages = {44{\textendash}56}, abstract = {

An attempt is made to distinguish a basic value for the Bulgarian perfect which, perforce, should remain compatible with the different uses of the perfect. A survey is made of the different values which may be attributed to the morphological forms of the perfect (depending on whether the participle is formed from the aorist or from the imperfect, from the perfective or imperfective aspect); the values are defined with the same terms.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Guentcheva, Zlatka and Decles, Jean-Pierre} } @article {Durin1982, title = {{\v L}aspect dans la structure de r{\'e}cit}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {7}, year = {1982}, pages = {13{\textendash}26}, abstract = {

The accepted definitions of verbal aspect (the idea of terminativeness or соmpletiveness of the perfective aspect) are subjected to criticism, though full credit is given to V. V. Gurevi{\v c} who tried to present the problem of aspect in a new light (by contrasting sequentiveness for the perfective aspect with nоn-sequentiveness for the imperfective aspect). A new definition of aspectuality in general and of verbal aspect in particular is offered.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Durin, Jean} } @article {Ivantchev1982, title = {Parall{\`e}les linguistiques bulgaro-fran{\c c}ais}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {7}, year = {1982}, pages = {98{\textendash}104}, abstract = {

The first part of the article deals with the development and present state of French studies in Bulgaria. Then, in terms of case grammar, a general contrastive analysis of Bulgarian and French is made proceeding, above all, from the specific features of Bulgarian which are determined by its Slavonic origin and its subsequent contacts with the Balkan and Turkic languages

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Ivantchev, Svetomir} } @article {Fontaine1982, title = {A propos de la notion d{\textquoteright}aoriste}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {7}, year = {1982}, pages = {36{\textendash}43}, abstract = {

The aorist structure in modern Russian is studied on the basis of its different characteristic morpho-syntactic manifestations. In the ideal case aorist (perfective) structure is defined as the only one to characterize the narrative type of text (cf. H. Weinreich{\textquoteright}s work on grammar tenses). As a notion pertaining to text syntax, this form lends itself to morpho-syntactic con125 figurations which belong to the complex sentence: agreement, subordination by means of conjunctions or adverbial participles. The consequences of the obligatory co-existence between the perfective and imperfective forms in a real, non-ideal text are discussed as well.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Fontaine, Jacqueline} } @article {Bechkova1982, title = {Quelques observations sur les verbes bulgares caract{\'e}ris{\'e}s par des pr{\'e}fixes et leurs {\'e}quivalents analytiques en fran{\c c}ais}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {7}, year = {1982}, pages = {79{\textendash}85}, abstract = {

Some specific features of a group of Bulgarian prefixed verbs with a relatively independent prefix are analysed and some regularities in their analytic equivalents in French are established. The prefix is considered as a language element with substantial and functional content. Four types of prefixal, relatively independent verbal characteristics are distinguished: adverbial, quantitative, of degree and of phase. The conditions under which the Bulgarian prefixes for surface на-, по-, о-, have obligatory analytic equivalents in French are analysed.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Bechkova, Radka} } @article {Hristov1982, title = {R{\'e}flexions sur la subordination des propositions circonstancielles en fran{\c c}ais et en bulgare}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {7}, year = {1982}, pages = {90{\textendash}98}, abstract = {

The semantic relations in complex sentences with adverbial clauses are analysed considering the semantics of the respective conjunctions. The study of the mechanism of subordination in Bulgarian and French is conducive to establishing the specific features which characterize the expression of the same relations in the two languages. They also illustrate the idea that grammar facts give a clue to elucidating the means used by each nation in the formation of a world outlook.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Hristov, Pa{\"\i}ssy} } @article {Feuillet1982, title = {Syst{\`e}mes aspectuels en fran{\c c}ais et en bulgare}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {8}, year = {1982}, pages = {26{\textendash}36}, abstract = {

Not infrequently, phenomena which should be distinguished are subsumed under aspectual oppositions. Thus, for example, a contrastive study of French and Bulgarian reveals that French does not possess the aspectual opposition, restrictive opposition (imperfective/perfective), characteristic of the Slavic languages. However, the two languages possess two other common aspectual oppositions: 1) phase opposition which contrasts the forms for non-completion with those for completion; 2) the opposition of dynamism based on the opposition imperfect (nondynamic)/aorist (dynamic). The latter opposition may be considered as sub-aspectual in so far as it is an opposition between two temporal forms both of which are characterized by noncompletion.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Feuillet, Jack} } @article {Hanegreefs-Popova1982, title = {Variations dans l{\textquoteright}usage des mots d{\textquoteright}origine fran{\c c}aise en bulgare moderne}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {7}, year = {1982}, pages = {57{\textendash}60}, abstract = {

The article is part of a more detailed study on the role of the lexemes of French origin in Bulgarian. It is based on a comparison made between the first and the latest editions of Dictionary of Foreign Words in Bulgarian (1958 and 1978). The corpus contains 1537 terms excerpted from the 1958 edition and 1578 terms excerpted from the 1978 edition. The thematic fields to which these words belong and their influence on Bulgarian speakers are analysed. It is pointed out that many of these words are actually loan-words in French. In some cases the two editions of the dictionary give the etymology in a different manner.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Hanegreefs-Popova, No{\"e}lle} } @article {Culioli1982, title = {А propos de quelque}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {7}, year = {1982}, pages = {6{\textendash}12}, abstract = {

Making use of many examples and classification criteria the author tries to solve the problem of the category of definiteness: how are to be explained the different uses of quelque (in the singular) depending on whether the problem concerns the indefinite quelqu{\textquoteright}un and quelque chose or the syntagma quelque N.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Culioli, Antoine} } @article {Парашкевов1981, title = {Немски, нидерландски и скандинавски заемки в българския език}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {6}, year = {1981}, pages = {181{\textendash}189}, abstract = {

The article is а survey of the loan-words borrowed from the modern Germanic languages (with the exception of English) which have penetrated into Bulgarian directly or indirectly for the last 100{\textendash}150 years. The aim is to give a more complete and correct idea of their number and the regions where they are used. A more detailed analysis is made of the German loan-words and terms (over 950 in number) taken from MA theses, Речник на чуждите думи в българския език [Dictionary of Foreign Words in Bulgarian] and other lexicographic reference books. The Dutch loan-words (about 170) are presented after R. Detrez{\textquoteright}s paper with certain additions and examples from South African Dutch. The Scandinavian loan-words (about 50) have been excerpted from Речник на чуждите думи в българския език [Dictionary of Foreign Words in Bulgarian] and other sources. Because of the limited size of the present article the meanings and etymons of the loan-words are not discussed.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Парашкевов, Борис} } @article {Adrados1980, title = {Les langues slaves dans le contexte des langues indo-europ{\'e}ennes}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {5}, year = {1980}, pages = {3{\textendash}15}, abstract = {

The article considers the place of the Slavic languages among the other Indo-European languages using linguistic data and results from recent archaeological findings. Grammaticalization is the basic factor in the development of the morphological systems; its mechanism is illustrated with examples from the Indo-European and Slavic languages. The Slavic languages possess both a number of archaisms which are evidenced by the Anatolian languages, and innovations common to the Greco-Aryan group. The Baltic Slavonic language group is the most conservative group in late Indo-European (Indo-European III).

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Adrados, Francisco} } @article {Парашкевов1979, title = {Интернационални съществителни със суфикс -ция и техните еквиваленти в немския език}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {4}, year = {1979}, pages = {20{\textendash}29}, abstract = {

The comparison of international substantives ending in -ция in Bulgarian and their equivalents in German reveals a certain variety in the suffixation of the latter: -a(t)ion, -(t)ie, -enz, -anz, deriving from the Latin -(t)io, -(t)ia, -entia, -antia. In order to prevent inaccuracies in the reproduction of the German equivalents by Bulgarians, an additional segmentation that takes into account the component -V(C)-, i. e. vowel (+ consonant) before the syncretic suffix -ция is proposed in the article. On the basis of the transposition models thus established, some rare word-formation aberrations appear. Furthermore, possible stylistic and semantic divergences of structurally identical lexemes in both languages are pointed out. For the purposes of effective communication it is also important that the competition of international and domestic suffixes, as well as the synonymy of international and domestic lexemes should be observed.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Парашкевов, Борис} } @article {Алексова1979, title = {Наблюдения върху употребата на определителния член в българския и румънския език}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {4}, year = {1979}, pages = {12{\textendash}17}, abstract = {The system of articles in modern Bulgarian, characterized only by a definite post-positional article, is considerably different from the Rumanian system of articles which possesses, besides the definite article, an indefinite, a proclitic possessive and a proclitic demonstrative article. The definite post-positional article has different uses in the two languages. In some cases there is similarity in the use, as for instance, in possessive constructions with possessive pronouns and with the short forms of the dative case of the personal pronouns. The kinship vocabulary, as a separate lexico-semantic group, exhibits different use with the articles in the two languages. However, in the possessive constructions with kinship vocabulary, the distribution of the articles is the same. A comprehensive study of the two systems is necessary, as well as of all cases of use of the post-positional definite article.}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, Съпоставителни изследвания, Contrastive studies}, author = {Алексова, Василка} } @article {Карпов1979, title = {Числителните два, двама, две и техните съответствия в белоруския език}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {4}, year = {1979}, pages = {7{\textendash}11}, abstract = {

The numerals два, двама, две and their analogues in Byelorussian are considered. The analysis is based on excerption by continuous selection from Vazov{\textquoteright}s classic novel Under the Yoke and its Byelorussian translation. The different uses with and without article are considered, as well as their free use and in combinations with dependent words. The tendency of the numerals to form a concrete grammar pattern is established; their combinatorial properties, semantic and grammatical, are analysed. The hypothesis about the presence of a collective meaning and a certain generalizing meaning in the semantics of these numerals is substantiated by statistical data from Bulgarian only. The main conclusion is that when used with the article the numerals два, двама, две have a collective meaning and a generalizing one.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Карпов, Владимир А.} } @article {Леков1978, title = {Към по-приемлива анализа и постройка на опитите за съпоставителни и типологични изследвания в славянското езикознание}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {3}, year = {1978}, pages = {3{\textendash}13}, abstract = {

Through distribution and stratification, the author aims at a more accurate characterization of the various methods (contrastive and typological in particular) used in Slavonic language studies. The study has been prompted by the existing inconsistency in their formulation which is, to a certain extent, understandable. The starting point is the continuity and mutual complementation of all methods of study used so far. The relative difference between these methods stems from their attitude towards the presumed parent language prototype of the phenomena which is valid only for the comparative method. The Slavonic languages, being genealogically related, display a number of structures (zones and objects) which can be studied not only comparatively but also contrastively and typologically. Thus, for example, a number of contrastive studies of languages in contact during the post- Proto-Slavonic period, such as the Byelorussian and Russian akan{\textquoteright}e, the Polish mazurzenie etc. differ from the typological interpretation of phenomena such as the system of obligatory՛ open syllables in the Proto-Slavonic period, the appearance of the genus virile in some Slavonic languages, the Bulgarian citational forms, etc. A potential relationship and interdependence are assumed to exist between descriptive, comparative and historical linguistics. The reliability of the contrastive method is enhanced by соmparison, while it sometimes loses validity if the historical principle is neglected. The typological method is becoming increasingly reliable since it applies to the essential parameters and universal categories of language and facilitates its dynamic characterology.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Леков, Иван} } @article {Helbig1977, title = {Zu einigen theoretischen und praktischen Problemen der grammatischen Konfrontation}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {2}, year = {1977}, pages = {5{\textendash}34}, abstract = {

The article discusses general problems of contrastive linguistics. The need of detailed descriptions of the compared languages is pointed out, although this is only a necessary but insufficient condition for successful contrastive analysis. The same linguistic theory, methodology and terminology should be applied to the compared languages. The communicative function of language assumes great importance in contrastive studies. A review is made of several theoretical models. The need of stratification is pointed out. Discussed are also the problems of the choice of topic, comparability, field theory, connections with foreign language teaching. Material from various languages is used by way of illustration.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Helbig, Gerhard} } @article {Алексиева1977, title = {Граматически и семантични фактори при определяне рода на английските заемки в български език (Grammatical and semantic factors in determining the gender of English loan-words }, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {2}, year = {1977}, pages = {44{\textendash}54}, abstract = {This paper deals with the various grammatical and semantic factors which determine the gender of English loan-words in Bulgarian. The corpus consists of 180 nouns borrowed from English into Bulgarian. The study is based on the classification of formal and semantic gender determiners offered by J. Welna. This classification turns out to be applicable to Bulgarian, a language with a highly developed grammatical gender patterning. The formal factors affect the greater part of the loan-words but the semantic ones hold for Bulgarian just as well. The number of loan-words whose gender is semantically determined confirms the activity of the semantic elements in the process of gender assignment.}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, Съпоставителни изследвания, Contrastive studies}, author = {Алексиева, Невенка} } @article {Пенчева1977, title = {Категорията род и названията за лица от мъжки и женски пол (съпоставително изследване върху материал от английски и български език). [The categor}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {2}, year = {1977}, pages = {114{\textendash}162}, abstract = {

This study examines the correlation between sex and gender in the two languages. Since there is no grammatical gender in English it is usually said that sex distinctions are purely semantic. In Bulgarian sex distinctions are often termed as grammatical. It is our belief that the expression of {\quotedblbase}sex{\textquotedblleft} is neither purely grammatical (in Bulgarian) nor purely semantic (in English). Structural, social and other factors are taken into consideration in the analysis of a corpus of about 3000 English and 2800 Bulgarian nouns, expressing {\quotedblbase}persons by profession, occupation or rank{\textquotedblleft}. The final conclusion is that in expressing the distinctions of sex the similarities between English and Bulgarian are much greater than the differences. They may be attributed to the overpowering influence of social, historical and psychological factors which dominate over this semantic area.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Пенчева, Майя} } @article {Алексиева1977a, title = {Подчинени предикативни единици в английски и български език (Subordinate predication units in English and Bulgarian)}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {2}, year = {1977}, pages = {3{\textendash}43}, abstract = {The paper makes an attempt to build a paradigm of all the surface structure expressions of subordinate predication in English and Bulgarian and to study the correlations between them. Special attention is given to the {\quotedblbase}preposition + noun [+ OBJECT /EVENT]{\textquotedblleft}, in the surface structure of which both the noun and the verb are deleted. The analysed examples come from a corpus of 20 novels by British and American writers and their Bulgarian translations, as well as examples from newspapers translated by informants. The factors regulating the mechanism of generating implicit constructions of this type in English and their functional equivalents in Bulgarian are discussed. While in English this type of construction is fairly frequent, in Bulgarian it occurs with only few prepositions. This difference between the two languages is due 1) to the specific mechanism in English of narrowing the meaning of verbs by means of postfixes and the prepositions of the adverbial phrases modifying them, which is non-existent in Bulgarian, and 2) to the different semantic structure of English prepositions resulting from this.}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, Съпоставителни изследвания, Contrastive studies}, author = {Алексиева, Бистра} } @article {Herej-Szymanska1976, title = {Kategorie s{\l}owotw{\'o}rcze czasownik{\'o}w denominalnych we wsp{\'o}{\l}czesnym j{\k e}zyku polskim i bu{\l}garskim}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {1}, year = {1976}, pages = {35{\textendash}47}, abstract = {

The article discusses problems of the derivation of denominal verbs in present-day Standard Bulgarian. The Bulgarian material is compared with Polish material from R. Grzegorczykowa{\textquoteright}s Finite Verbs in Present-day Polish. The results are different despite some common tendencies of word-formation in the two languages.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Herej-Szyma{\'n}ska, Krystyna} } @article {Bojar1976, title = {Polskiе i bu{\l}garskie czasowniki komunikuj{\k a}ce relacje czasowe}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {1}, year = {1976}, pages = {65{\textendash}77}, abstract = {

This article deals with verbs which, in extra-textual reality, link up not only with the denotata of their syntactic elements, but also with the temporal relations existing between them.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Bojar, Bo{\.z}enna} } @article {Korytkowska1976, title = {Z semantyki i sk{\l}adni czasownik{\'o}w bu{\l}garskich i polskich: bg. iskam}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {1}, year = {1976}, pages = {31{\textendash}44}, abstract = {

This article offers a contrastive analysis of the Bulgarian verb искам and the Polish chcie{\'c}, taking into account both the semantic and the syntactic properties of these lexical items. The analysis is carried out within the theoretical framework of transformational generative grammar.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Korytkowska, Ma{\l}gorzata} } @article {Леков1976, title = {Съпоставителният анализ на белоруския и българския език в рамките на родствените отношения между двата езика}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {1}, year = {1976}, pages = {149{\textendash}160}, abstract = {

Contrastive analysis is becoming increasingly popular, although it has been used in the past, especially in combination with the comparative-historical approach. Byelorussian and Bulgarian have received little attention in this respect. The article raises some general problems of the comparison between the two genetically related languages. Byelorussian is a typical inflecting North Slavic language while Bulgarian is predominantly analytical. The first has been subject to bilingual contacts and convergence to the east and west, while the second, to multilingual Balkan influences. For the first, phonetic contact and syntactic separation have been more important, versus Bulgarian grammatical isolation. The differentiation of the two languages is largely based on socio-linguistic factors. Some tentative forecasts for future developments are also offered.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Леков, Иван} } @article {Карпов1976, title = {Употреба на предлозите в български и белоруски текстове}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {1}, year = {1976}, pages = {20{\textendash}26}, abstract = {

Исчезновение падежей в болгарском языке вызывает более частые употребления предлогов, взявших на себя функцию выражения падежных отношений. В связи с ней возникают вопросы, насколько возросла употребляемость предлогов, какие предлоги употребляются чаще, другими словами, какие предлоги взяли на себя функции падежей? В структурном плане эти изменения должны проявить себя в передвижении болгарских предлогов по частотным рангам при сравнении с другими языками, обладающими категорией падежа.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Карпов, Владимир А.} } @article {Парашкевов1976, title = {Функционални еквиваленти на българското възвратно лично местоимение във фински език}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {1}, year = {1976}, pages = {135{\textendash}145}, abstract = {

Gegenstand der vorliegenden Untersuchung sind die adverbialen Funktionen des Reflexivpronomens (Pronr) ce, cи, ceбe cи und die Ermittlung systemhafter lexikalisch-grammatischer Entsprechungen der bulgarischen Konstruktionen V + Pronr im Finnischen. Analysiert wurden vier Funktionsbereiche des Pronr: 1. Syntaktische Funktionen, Pronr fungiert in der vollen oder elliptischen dreigliedrigen Struktur /S {\textrightarrow} /P {\textrightarrow} Pronr als direktes, indirektes, reziprokes oder Pr{\"a}positionalobjekt. 2. Morphosyntaktische Funktionen, Pronr fungiert in der zweigliedrigen Struktur S {\textleftarrow} PPronr und der eingliedrigen Struktur P-Pronr, in denen der Komplex P-Pronr eine bestimmte grammatische Funktion erf{\"u}llt (passive Konstruktionen, unpers{\"o}nliche Konstruktionen, passive und unpers{\"o}nliche Konstruktionen mit modaler Bedeutung: Konstruktionen mit qualitativer Bedeutung, Konstruktionen mit permissiver, obligativer, prohibitiver Bedeutung, Konstruktionen mit potentieller Bedeutung, Konstruktionen mit voluntativer Bedeutung); 3. Wortbildende Funktionen, Pronr fungiert in der zweigliedrigen Struktur S {\textrightarrow} P-Pronr und der eingliedrigen Struktur P-Pronr, in denen der Komplex P-Pronr eine lexikalische Einheit bildet (morphosemantische Funktion und lexikalische Funktion). 4. Stilistische Funktion, fakultativer Gebrauch des Pronr als emotionalexpressive Verst{\"a}rkung. Im Rahmen der vier Funktionsbereiche wurden insgesamt 17 spezifische Verwendungsweisen des Pronr in Verbindung mit einem Verb beschrieben und geeignete Ausdrucksmittel zu ihrer Wiedergabe im Finnischen aufgef{\"u}hrt. Die auf diese Weise ermittelten funktionalen {\"A}quivalente des bulgarischen Reflexivpronomens k{\"o}nnen als eine prinzipielle Grundlage f{\"u}r die richtige Interpretation, Differenzierung und Transformation der polyfunktionalen bulgarischen Konstruktionen V + Pronr dienen.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Парашкевов, Борис} } @article {Леков1976a, title = {Явна и {\quotedblbase}скрита{\textquotedblleft} глаголна съпоставителна проблематика на полския и българския език}, journal = {Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics}, volume = {1}, year = {1976}, pages = {65{\textendash}82}, abstract = {

Explicit{\textquotedblleft} and {\quotedblbase}implicit{\textquotedblleft} problems in the study of the verb in Polish and Bulgarian are the topic of the present article. Some of the general conclusions reached are as follows. The comparative development of the two genetically related languages is one of differentiation. The growing distance is due to developments of both conjugation and declension. Two types of factors are at work, sociolinguistic and structural-linguistic. In the sphere of the verb Polish shows a combination of inflection, agglutination and analyticity. There are hardly any traces of agglutination in Bulgarian. New hybrid, contextually determined forms, based on verbal components, is appearing in Polish as a result of agglutination.

}, keywords = {Contrastive Studies, съпоставителни изследвания}, author = {Леков, Иван} }