%0 Journal Article %J Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics %D 1990 %T Об имплицитной полифункциональности указательного местоимения to в чешском языке и его эксплицитных эквивалентах в русском %A Широкова, Александра %X The comparative investigation of the functional importance of the demonstrative pronoun to/eto, to in Czech and in Russian allows the establishment of the correlation of these pronouns at the systemic 1evel (direct deixis) and of considerable differences at the functional level both in the expression of transfer to earlier and later context (relative deixis) and in the description of expressive functions. The function meaning of the Czech demonstrative pronoun to is characterized by an absolute use, a high degree of semantic generalization and an ability to substitute various material things and abstract notions expressed through separate words, utterances and even through a whole text. The implicit polyfunctionality of Czech to is explicitly expressed in Russian not only through various types of functional-semantic equivalents but often through equivalents of usage. In the communicative equivalence of utterances there are also cases of non-equivalent correspondences. %B Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics %V 15 %P 292–298 %G rus %N 4–5 %0 Journal Article %J Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics %D 1980 %T Некоторые вопросы эквивалентики в связи с транспозицией форм наклонений %A Широкова, Александра Г. %X An attempt has been made at defining the concept of functional-semantic equivalence type which is of great importance to the practice of translation and foreign language teaching and the theory of comparative and contrastive studies. The conditions for determining the types of interlingual equivalents are described: determining the theoretical principles of linguistic analysis, the spheres of stylistic functioning of the phenomena studied, etc. The obligatory criteria for the presence of an equivalent have been established: identity of the type meaning of the word form, collocation or the whole utterance; identity of the relations expressed; regularity of the appearance of the phenomena analysed in the contrasted languages; their stylistic adequacy %B Съпоставително езикознание / Сопоставительное языкознание / Contrastive linguistics %V 5 %P 3–13 %G rus %N 3